PLA and PCL Microspheres for Enhanced Topical Delivery of Clotrimazole in Antifungal Treatments

Abstract

Present study aimed to develop a microsphere-based delivery system for clotrimazole, an antifungal agent, using poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) as biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. The primary objective is to enhance the topical efficacy of clotrimazole by improving its stability, controlled release, and penetration through the skin for the treatment of fungal infections. Clotrimazole-loaded microspheres were prepared using PLA and PCL polymers through an emulsification solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were characterized for particle size, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in-vitro drug release profile. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) determined the particle size distribution. Drug release was tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans using an agar diffusion method. The prepared microspheres exhibited smooth surfaces with a mean particle size ranging between 50-150 µm. The encapsulation efficiency of clotrimazole was found to be high, with a sustained drug release profile over 72 hours. In-vitro studies showed that clotrimazole release was initially rapid, followed by a slower, sustained release. Antifungal tests indicated that the microsphere formulation had enhanced antifungal activity compared to conventional clotrimazole creams due to better penetration and prolonged drug action. Microsphere-based clotrimazole delivery using PLA and PCL successfully improved the drug’s antifungal efficacy. The formulation provided sustained release and enhanced penetration, making it a promising option for topical treatment of fungal infections with better therapeutic outcomes than conventional formulations.