Prevalence Causes, and Contributing Factors of Male Infertility in Pakistan

Abstract

Background

According to estimates, 8–12% of couples in the reproductive age range suffer from infertility, a serious health issue that affects people all over the world.

Objective

To assess the prevalence, causes, and contributing factors of male infertility

Methods

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in an infertility clinic within a tertiary care center's obstetrics and gynecology department. Simple random sampling was used to select 120 patients. The study included men in the 18-50 age group who had been married for more than a year. Hence, qualitative and quantitative data were examined using means, medians, and percentages, and Fisher's exact test was used to determine the degree of significance.

Results

The study included 120 males between the ages of 18 and 50. Their BMI was 26.6 ± 4.1, suggesting they were moderately overweight, and their average age was 30 ± 5 years. With 43.3% having Grade 2, 14.2% having Grade 3, and 1.7% having Grade 1, varicocele was prevalent. Male factor infertility was the most common cause of male infertility (18%), followed by ovulatory dysfunction (35%), and normal pelvic findings (25%). Sexual dysfunction (1%), ejaculatory problems (0.8%), hormonal imbalances (5%), tubal blockage (9%), and atypical abnormalities of cervical mucus (3%).

Conclusion

In the therapeutic context, this study emphasizes the significance of early identification, suitable treatment approaches, and individualized care for male infertility.