Prevalence Of Hypothyroidism In Cystinosis In Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital For Maternity And Children

Abstract

The endocrine organs are frequently affected in cystinosis, and these are often the organs of the patient under good care with cysteamine. Thyroid disease happens after kidney disease, and manifests in about half (50%) of untreated children by the age of 5-10 years old. The exact causative link between cystinosis and hypothyroidism remains unexplained. The aim of our study to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients diagnosed with cystinosis and to find the possible associated factors that increase the possibility of hypothyroidism in patients with cystinosis. Our subjects and Method this was a cross sectional study that was conducted in Pediatric Department at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for maternity and childhood in Iraq during a period of six months from November 2021 till the end of April 2022. It included 92 patients who diagnosed with cystinosis and collected from the archive files. Thyroid dysfunction was considered if patient’s thyroid hormones is out of reference. Main results in this study, forty-point two percent (40.2%) of cystinosis patients were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was significantly increasing with increasing in age of patients and age of diagnosis of cystinosis to reach eighty-five-point seven percent (85.7%) and eighty-seven-point five percent (87.5%) at ages > 10 and > 2 years respectively. Higher prevalence of hypothyroidism was seen significantly in those with family history of cystinosis. The conclusion Prevalence of hypothyroidism is high forty-point two percent (40.2%) in patients with cystinosis. Hypothyroidism happens more frequently in older cystinosis patients, in those with positive family history of cystinosis and in those suffering from renal impairment. Rate of hypothyroidism is increased in case of delay in diagnosis of cystinosis or delay in cysteamine intake.