Correlation Between Periodontal Status and Lipid Profile Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by various complications, including periodontal disease and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between periodontal status and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted from June to December 2022 at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Sulaimani, Kurdistan. 384 participants were selected using simple random sampling and divided into uncontrolled (140 participants) and controlled diabetes (244 participants) groups. Clinical periodontal examinations and blood investigations were conducted to measure periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, high and low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides).

Results: The study identified significant differences in periodontal parameters between uncontrolled and controlled groups, including clinical attachment loss (4.3 ± 8.0 mm vs. 1.7 ± 2.2 mm), visible plaque index (44.8 ± 16.4% vs. 28.7 ± 13.4%), bleeding index (26.0 ± 11.4% vs. 17.6 ± 12.0%), and average pocket depth (3.5 ± 2.0 vs. 1.5 ± 2.4) (P ≤ 0.001). The study results indicated a significant and direct correlation between higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides with periodontal disease, enhancing the risk of disease onset. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein was identified as a protective factor against periodontal disease (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study findings elucidate that elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides are significantly and directly correlated with periodontal disease, thereby increasing the susceptibility to this condition. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein serves as a protective agent against the disease.