Outcome of Neonates Born to Mothers with Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kolar-A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the important health concerns, affecting both mothers and neonates. This condition can lead to many complications for newborns, including preterm birth and congenital anomalies. This study was done to determine the outcomes of neonates born to GDM mothers at a tertiary care center in Kolar, providing insights into the morbidity and mortality patterns associated with maternal glycemic control. By comparing neonates delivered to mothers with low versus high glycemic index, this study signifies the importance of effective diabetes management during pregnancy and its effect on the newborn.

OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare morbidity and mortality patterns of neonates born to mothers with good or poor glycemic control in diabetic mothers

MATERIALS & METHODS: All neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of R L Jalappa Hospital, Tamaka, Kolar, with maternal history of gestational or pregestational diabetes mellitus were taken into the study, using timeline sampling that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The neonates were divided into Group 1 (poor glycemic control) and Group 2 (good glycemic control). Data was noted and analyzed.

RESULTS:  Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were observed in neonates, but no significant association was found with maternal glycemic control. However, neonatal respiratory distress and neonatal congenital heart disease were significantly higher in newborns delivered to mothers with poorly controlled glycemic index.

CONCLUSION: The study signifies the importance of maintaining good glycemic control during pregnancy to improve neonatal health outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and continuous monitoring of diabetic mothers and newborns delivered to them