NorA efflux pump gene overexpression in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human and animal infection

Abstract

            Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a highly challenging health related problem that affects both patients and economy. This resistance can be permitted by different mechanisms, such as norA pumping system that can remove antibiotics out of the bacterial cell. The present study was conducted to identify norA efflux pump (EP) gene in S. aureus isolated from human and animal infection. The study involved the recruitment of 60 infection samples distributed into 30 human infected wounds and 30 animal infection samples. These samples were examined using regular bacterial cultivation and biochemical assays, employing the EtBr-agar cartwheel method, a fluorescent-dye based technique, and recruiting a qRT-PCR method. The results revealed the presence of the bacterial norA gene in the bacterial isolates in mRNA-fold changes of 62.2 and 10.5 for human and animal samples, respectively. The present study result indicates high existence of antibacterial resistance induced by the norA pumping system with a higher rate in human samples compared to these from the animal samples.