Analysing different densities of implants by Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Placed in Bone Tissues.

Abstract

Background

The success of dental implants depends significantly on their mechanical stability, which is influenced by the density of the bone in which they are placed. Insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) are commonly used methods to assess primary stability. This study evaluates the correlation between different implant densities, insertion torque, and resonance frequency in various bone tissues.

Materials and Methods

This in vitro study utilized simulated bone blocks of varying densities: low-density (D3), medium-density (D2), and high-density (D1). A total of 45 implants were placed, with 15 implants allocated to each bone density group. Insertion torque was measured using a torque device, while resonance frequency values were recorded with an RFA device in implant stability quotient (ISQ) units. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation tests to compare IT and ISQ values across the groups.

Results

The mean insertion torque values were significantly different across the groups: 25 ± 3 Ncm in D3, 35 ± 4 Ncm in D2, and 45 ± 5 Ncm in D1 (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ISQ values increased with bone density: 55 ± 2 in D3, 65 ± 3 in D2, and 75 ± 4 in D1 (p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) was observed between insertion torque and resonance frequency values across all bone densities.

 Conclusion

Implants placed in higher-density bone tissues exhibit greater insertion torque and resonance frequency values, reflecting superior primary stability. These findings underscore the importance of considering bone density in treatment planning to optimize implant stability and long-term success.