Analysis of Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Positions and Functional Outcome in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: in a Rural Population

Abstract

Background

The precise positioning of bone tunnels is crucial for successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), as it affects graft function, biomechanics, and long-term stability. This prospective study aims to evaluate the association between femoral, tibial and inclination angles and functional outcomes in 27 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR in a in a rural tertiary care hospital.

Methods

Postoperative radiographs were analysed to measure tunnel and inclination angles; the functional outcome was assessed using the Lysholm as well as the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores.

Results

Among 27 participants, 21 (77.8%) were male, and 6 (22.2%) were female. Patients were between 22-47 years of age, with a mean age of 33.1±7.8 years. The mean BMI was 28.7±3.5 kg/m². Eighteen participants (66.7%) had injury on the right knee while 9 (33.3%) had on the left knee. The mode of injury was predominantly from fall (81.5%). Most of the angles were within the anatomic range. Statistically significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in postoperative functional scores was observed. No significant association was found between femoral tunnel position with postoperative Lysholm scores. However, a significant association (p < 0.03) was observed between tibial tunnel angle and postoperative Lysholm scores.

Conclusion

This study of 27 participants found significant improvements in functional outcomes, following ACLR. While femoral and inclination angles showed no significant association with functional outcomes, tibial tunnel angle indicated significant association. Further research with larger cohorts is desired to confirm and explore the clinical significance.