Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Therapeutic Potential of Iris ensata Methanolic Extract in Letrozole-Induced PCOS Rat Models

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, causing irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and metabolic issues like insulin resistance and obesity. This study explores the potential of Iris ensata (IE) methanolic extract in managing PCOS, focusing on its antioxidant effects and impact on ovarian health.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Iris ensata (IE) methanolic extract in managing PCOS, focusing on its antioxidant properties, effects on ovarian morphology and function, and modulation of key gene expressions related to ovarian health.

Methods: Iris ensata was analyzed via GC-MS to identify bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, H2O2 scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and SOD assays. PCOS was induced in female Wistar rats using letrozole, followed by treatment with IE extract or metformin. Histopathological and gene expression analyses were conducted to assess ovarian changes.

Results: GC-MS revealed a diverse phytochemical profile of IE, likely contributing to its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant assays showed significant, dose-dependent activity. In vivo, IE improved ovarian morphology and function, as seen in histopathological analysis. Gene expression studies supported these findings, showing modulation of genes critical to ovarian health.

Conclusions: Iris ensata methanolic extract shows potential in managing oxidative stress-related reproductive disorders like PCOS. Improvements in ovarian function, morphology, and gene regulation highlight its promise as a natural treatment. Further studies are recommended to confirm clinical relevance.