Identification Of Common Genotypes Of Avian Influenza Virus In Iraq (Najaf And Al-Diwaniyah Governorates (

Abstract

Avian influenza (AI) is Viral respiratory disease caused by RNA virus type A orthomyxoviruses . Avian influenza was a zoonotic disease, has caused several epidemics in domestic fowl , The different degrees of pathogenicity demonstrated by viruses in diverse avian species, as well as the diversity of viral properties such as antigens and genes, make it difficult to reliably diagnose viral infections in poultry or wild birds. This is because viruses can infection

 many bird specie without clinical signs ,The different degrees of pathogenicity demonstrated by viruses in diverse avian species, as well as the diversity of viral properties such as anti gens and genes, make it difficult to reliably diagnose viral infections in poultry or wild birds  notably the latest H5,H7 highly virulent avian influenza viruses.  Aims of the study are;  Identification of AI infection in the broilers , layer, geese   and Gallinula  in Diwaniyah and Najaf governorates. Fourty suspected birds for  each  avian species  were investigated  which are taken from local market, ,veterinary clinics and poultry farms  in the area, then  rapid test were performed using the AIV Rapid kit. samples were taken randomly from (lung and trachea) ,  samples kept in Eppendorf tube contain 1.5 ml trizol  , from which the RNA was extracted  by RNA extraction kit and RNA converted into CDNA , this last product was entered into a real-time PCR with Universal Primer NP to detect the infection, Special primers were designed to identify possible subtypes (H5 primers,H7 primers.H9) .

Results  of rapid test kit revealed that  only 5 samples  shown positive results between others.

Twenty samples were positive in PCR test against NP primer. From these eight samples were positive against H5 and twelve were positive against H7  primers consequently and were negative  to  H9 primers  , all above samples were taken from broilers.

   layer, geese   and Gallinula  birds were  negative to all primers  despite having upper  respiratory signs .Aims of the study Identification of AI infection in the broilers and Gallinula  in Diwaniyah and Najaf governorates . by np primer /PCR and   Identify  the genotype  which is diagnosed in each  avian species. By H5 H7 H9 primers /PCR