Comparative Ranking of Metformin, Syzygium cumini Mother Tincture and a Ayurvedic Test Drug Preparation Using STZ Induced Type II Diabetes in Rats by Linear Regression

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type II is an illness characterized by a disruption in the body's normal glucose homeostasis, affects people worldwide and disrupts their everyday routines. Sorting out the various pharmacological treatments for type- II diabetes mellitus is an immediate need (Boruah, Chakraborty and Dash, 2017; Liang et al., 2017). With little adverse effects and extra protective impact on the several essential organs afflicted by Type- II diabetes mellitus, the basic principle of antidiabetic treatment is short -term and long -term lowering of HbA1c level with minimum side effects and additional protective action on the different vital organs that are affected in the condition of the Type II diabetes mellitus (WHO, 2011). Medication from several medical systems, such as allopathy, ayurveda and homoeopathy, has a well-deserved reputation for helping metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, but which drug we select for the therapeutic purposes to treat diabetes is a bias.

Using a high fat-diet and STZ caused type II diabetes experimental model, this study aimed to rank the anti-diabetic efficacy of test medications from various medical systems as the Met, Ayu and Hom test groups. In albino wistar rats, type II diabetes mellitus was induced by providing them a high fat-diet for 28 days before they were given STZ. After that, till three months test drug given at six dosage levels orally. Various parameters, including HbA1c, fasting blood-glucose, postprandial two hour blood-glucose level, fasting blood insulin, HOMA-IR, insulin sensitivity index and body weight were on different days of the experiment, namely on days 0, 28, 31, 76, and 121.

The study found that varied doses of Met, Ayu and Hom test drugs significantly reduced the HbA1c level (p < 0.001). All test groups treated with STZ+HFD, used in this study were diabetic at all six dose levels as shown by HOMA-IR, and insulin sensitivity index levels found in this study. Met, Ayu and Hom test drugs significantly reduced the fasting glucose level (p < 0.05) and postprandial two hour blood-glucose level (p < 0.05 significantly). Based on statistical analysis, the following pharmacological treatment rankings were determined for antidiabetic parameters in STZ+HFD diabetic rats: Comb, Ayu, Una, Ext, and Hom.

When looking at the effectiveness ranking of the various drugs tested in this study, determination of EC50 values by the linear regression analysis revealed that on the basis of fasting blood-glucose values and 2h-BG values fasting blood insulin and HbA1c level, Met was found to be the most effective, followed by Ayu and Hom. Based on the study results, the order of medication therapies for type II diabetes mellitus in pancreatic cells is as follows: Met > Ayu > Hom. Various combinations of these drugs can be further evaluated in such a manner for selection of a better one, with HbA1c level lowering capacity with minimum side effects and additional protective action on the different vital organs of a diabetic patient.