A Comparative Study of Size of the Coronoid Process of Dry Human Mandibles in Udaipur Zone

Abstract

The mandible is the face's largest, strongest, and lowest bone. The mandible consists of two broad rami that ascend posteriorly and a curved body that is convex forwards. The coronoid and condylar processes are present in the ramus [1]. The coronoid process (CP) of the mandibular bone is derived from a Greek word, “korone” meaning “like a crown”[2]. It is a thin triangular eminence that continues anteriorly into the ramus and posteriorly bounded by mandibular incisurae. The lateral surface of CP provides attachment to temporalis and masseter muscles. Even though CP is rarely mentioned when discussing the functionality of the jaw, it plays a vital role in both mastication and mandibular stabilization [3].

The coronoid process is a membranous bone showing less resorption. A local bone graft from the coronoid process of the mandible can be harvested intraorally with minimal morbidity and without any cutaneous scarring. The coronoid process is of clinical significance to the maxillofacial surgeon for reconstructive purposes as it is used as grafts in the reconstruction of osseous defects in oral and faciomaxillary regions like alveolar defects, orbital floor repair, maxillary augmentation, correction of non-union fracture of the mandible. No functional limitations are apparent after removing the coronoid process. The anatomical variations in the coronoid process can result in extremely narrow vestibular space due to the close proximity of the medial aspect of the coronoid process to the distal molar. It seems to be suitable for paranasal augmentation. Its clinical application is also favourable because its size and morphology fit into the paranasal region, with the additional advantages of biocompatibility, availability, and reduced operation time for harvesting[4].Hernandez-Alfaro noticed a new joint between the enlarged coronoid process and zygomatic bone (Jacob’s disease) which causes restriction during mouth opening [5].Though fracture of the mandible is common, coronoid fracture incidence is rare (2%) and requires no treatment unless impingement on the zygomatic arch is present [6].