Biochemical Mechanisms Of Enzyme Inhibition And Their Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Background: enzyme inhibition in treatment include cancer, bacterial infections and neurodegenerative diseases. It is stuck in enzymes that catalyze a disease and may have therapeutic implication. The present study is to assess the impact of the enzyme inhibitors on the enzyme activity and also on the symptoms of the mentioned diseases.

Objectives: to evaluate the effect of enzyme inhibitors on liver enzymes (ALT and AST) in patients with cancer, bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. The study also aimed to assess the potential therapeutic benefits and impact on disease symptoms.

Study Desgin : A Retrospective observational cohort study.

Place and Duration of Study. Department of Biochemistry Swat Medical College from jan 2023 to jan 2024

Methods : 25 patients with cancer, 20 patients with bacterial infections, and 15 patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Patients were treated with condition-specific enzyme inhibitors: antineoplastic proteasome inhibitors, antibacterial beta-lactamase inhibitors, and antineurodegenerative acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Treatment was for 4 weeks with the doses according to patient weight and clinical improvement.Both, the pre-treatment sample and the sample collected at the end of four weeks of treatment were collected. Enzyme activity (ALT, AST) was analyzed using a Sigma-Aldrich assay kit (Catalogue No: E-1128), each in triplicate cultures. Pain, fever, cognitive ability, and motor function were evaluated using objective clinical scales wherein improvement was noted.The study measures were primary and consisted of changes in the ALT and AST level, and alleviation of symptoms. Secondary measures included liver enzyme levels and complications at the end before discharge and at follow up visits. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science SSPS 24.0 of the variance the variable compare the values obtained before and after the treatment using pair t- test. Statistical significance of the differences between the groups was therefore considered significant at p< 0.05. Permission was sought and sought and all candidate participants made informed decisions prior to being included in the study. The study respected the Declaration of Helsinki regarding identity and ethical behaviors were maintained.

Results

Patients who participated the study were 60 patients with the average age of 52.6 years, SD= 14.2. Enzyme activity was significantly reduced by 35 % (p = 0.02) in the cancer group, 28% (p = 0.04) in bacterial infections, and 30% (p = 0.03) in neurodegenerative diseases. Lessening of symptoms was seen in cancer patients 75%, pain/fatigue and 65% patients bacterial infection, fever/inflammation and 70%, neurodegenerative disease, cognition/motor function. In general, liver enzymes turned to the normal level in 70% of cases; thus, the health of patients improved.

Conclusion

Enzyme inhibitors clearly displayed enzyme inhibition and symptom alleviation in cancer, bacterial infection and neurodegenerative disease. However, the generalization of the findings is somewhat restricted because of the lack of controls. They indicate that future works should include control groups as well as long-term follow-ups in order to evaluate properly the effectiveness and risks of enzyme inhibition in the specified therapeutic specialties.