An Experimental Study On Phytochemical Screening And Evaluation Of Invivo Antiinflammatory Activity Of Andrographis Paniculate

Abstract

Background:
Andrographis paniculata, a widely used medicinal herb, has been traditionally employed in various therapeutic applications, particularly for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its extensive use in folk medicine, scientific validation of its efficacy, particularly regarding its anti-inflammatory effects, is limited.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition and evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Andrographis paniculata through the use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts.

Methods:
The plant was extracted using aqueous and ethanolic solvents. The phytochemical screening was performed to identify secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenolics, and terpenoids. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into different treatment groups, including a control, standard drug (diclofenac sodium), and test groups (aqueous and ethanolic extracts at varying doses).

Results:
Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins, in both extracts. The ethanolic extract (400 mg/kg) exhibited the most significant anti-inflammatory activity, showing 55.8% inhibition of paw edema, closely approaching the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (62.8% inhibition). The aqueous extract also showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:
Andrographis paniculata demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity, confirming its traditional use for inflammation-related conditions. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics likely contributes to this activity. These findings suggest that Andrographis paniculata has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing inflammation, with further studies needed to isolate active compounds and explore long-term efficacy.