Evaluating the efficacy of different agitation systems on penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules

Abstract

Background

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used irrigant in root canal treatment due to its potent antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties. Effective penetration into dentinal tubules is crucial for thorough disinfection. However, various agitation systems may influence the depth of NaOCl penetration. This study evaluates the effect of different agitation techniques on the penetration depth of NaOCl into dentinal tubules.

Materials and Methods

Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups based on the agitation system used: Group 1 (manual syringe irrigation), Group 2 (ultrasonic agitation), and Group 3 (passive sonic agitation). Each tooth was irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes. After irrigation, specimens were sectioned horizontally at the mid-root level, and the penetration depth of NaOCl was measured using a fluorescent dye and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The mean penetration depth (µm) was compared across groups using ANOVA.

Results

The mean penetration depth of NaOCl was significantly greater in Group 2 (ultrasonic agitation) with an average of 600 µm, followed by Group 3 (passive sonic agitation) at 450 µm, and Group 1 (manual syringe irrigation) at 300 µm (p < 0.05). Ultrasonic agitation showed a 50% greater penetration depth compared to manual irrigation, demonstrating its superior efficiency.

Conclusion

The study concludes that ultrasonic agitation significantly enhances the penetration depth of NaOCl into dentinal tubules compared to passive sonic agitation and manual syringe irrigation. The use of ultrasonic agitation is recommended to maximize the effectiveness of NaOCl during root canal disinfection.