When Asthma Isn’t Asthma: An Original Case Study of Endobronchial Carcinoid Tumor Mimicking Uncontrolled Asthma

Abstract

Background: Uncontrolled asthma is a common clinical problem, often attributed to therapy non-compliance or severe asthma phenotypes. However, rare conditions such as endobronchial tumors can mimic asthma, leading to diagnostic challenges and delayed treatment.

Objective: To present the case of a 36-year-old male misdiagnosed with uncontrolled asthma, later found to have an endobronchial carcinoid tumor, and discuss its diagnostic challenges and management.

Case Presentation: A 36-year-old male presented with intermittent wheezing, dyspnea, and minimal response to standard asthma therapy. Persistent symptoms prompted further evaluation, including pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and bronchoscopy, which revealed Near total obstruction of Hyperemic mass lesion at left main bronchus, 2.5cm distal to carina. Histopathological examination confirmed a carcinoid tumor, S/P Rigid bronchoscopy and debulking led to complete symptom resolution, with no recurrence observed  6month post operatively.

Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering rare differential diagnoses like endobronchial tumors in refractory asthma. A systematic diagnostic approach can facilitate timely management and improve patient outcomes.