In Vitro Investigating the Nephroprotective and Diuretic Effects of Punarnava: Localization of Action in the Renal System

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern, with electrolyte imbalance and fluid retention being key issues in its management. Ayurvedic formulations, particularly Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), have been traditionally used for their nephroprotective and diuretic properties. This study investigates the in vitro nephroprotective and diuretic potential of Punarnava Ghanavati, focusing on its specific sites of action within the renal system. This study uses renal epithelial cell lines (HK-2) as a model to evaluate cell viability, oxidative stress, and electrolyte transport. Key biochemical markers were quantified, including Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity, urea transport, and aquaporin expression. The results demonstrate that Punarnava Ghanavati exhibits nephroprotective effects by mitigating oxidative stress, restoring ion channel activity, and promoting diuresis via aquaporin-1 upregulation. These findings support the potential of Punarnava as an adjunctive therapy for CKD management