A Comparative Review of Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Lithium Battery: Environmental and Health Impacts

Abstract

The utilization of fossil fuels in transportation releases substantial quantities of greenhouse gases, which contribute to the phenomenon of global warming, air pollution, and health concerns. Research indicates that vehicles alone discharge over a million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually due to their internal combustion engines that rely on fossil fuels. In contrast, electric vehicles do not emit any pollutants from their exhaust pipes. Consequently, governments worldwide are actively striving to substitute fossil fuel vehicles with electric automobiles. Battery-powered and hydrogen fuel cell electric cars are two feasible alternatives to internal combustion engines. This investigation examines the fundamental functionalities and recent advancements of battery-powered and hydrogen fuel cell electric cars. A comprehensive evaluation of the pros and cons of each technology is presented. Moreover, in this study, we will compare Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) and Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC) technologies. The criteria such as energy and power capabilities, efficiency, lifetime, cost, recyclability, and safety are compared. By evaluating these factors, it can make informed decisions on the implementation of these technologies