Analysing Various Occlusal Materials On Peri-Implant Stress Distribution With Different Osseointegration Condition

Abstract

Background
The choice of occlusal materials significantly influences peri-implant stress distribution, especially under varying osseointegration conditions. Understanding the biomechanical behavior of these materials can guide clinical decision-making and improve the longevity of dental implants. This study evaluates the impact of different occlusal materials on peri-implant stress distribution in partially and fully osseointegrated implants.

Materials and Methods

Three occlusal materials—zirconia, lithium disilicate, and PMMA—were analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) on a single-tooth implant model. Osseointegration conditions were simulated at 50% (partial) and 100% (complete). Vertical and oblique forces of 100 N and 150 N, respectively, were applied to the occlusal surfaces. Stress distribution in the surrounding bone was evaluated, focusing on von Mises stresses at the cortical and cancellous bone regions.

Results
Zirconia demonstrated the highest stress transmission to the cortical bone, with stress values of 65 MPa (complete osseointegration) and 78 MPa (partial osseointegration) under oblique loading. Lithium disilicate showed intermediate stress levels, with values of 55 MPa and 70 MPa for complete and partial osseointegration, respectively. PMMA exhibited the lowest stress transmission, with values of 45 MPa (complete) and 60 MPa (partial). Stress concentration was higher in partially osseointegrated models for all materials, with significant differences observed under oblique loading conditions.

Conclusion
The occlusal material and the degree of osseointegration significantly affect peri-implant stress distribution. While zirconia offers superior strength, its higher stress transmission could risk cortical bone damage in partially osseointegrated implants. PMMA, though less durable, minimizes stress on surrounding bone. Clinicians should carefully select occlusal materials based on individual osseointegration conditions and loading scenarios.