"Exploring Siddha Phytocomponents For Inhibition Of Gsk-3β In The Management Of Insulin Resistance And Type 2 Diabetes"

Abstract

Insulin resistance, a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, arises from the impaired ability of tissues to respond to normal insulin levels, leading to reduced glucose uptake and increased hepatic glucose production. Molecular studies highlight defects in post-receptor signaling, identifying insulin signaling pathway components as promising therapeutic targets. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has emerged as a critical regulatorof insulin resistance, influencing glycogen metabolism and insulin signaling by phosphorylating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Inhibition of GSK-3β has shown promise in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation, making it a target for drug development.

Given the side effects of synthetic antidiabetic drugs, natural products and phytotherapy are gaining attention as safer alternatives. Siddha formulations, such as Athiyadhi Kashayam, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In silico studies, including molecular docking, suggest that components of Athiyadhi Kashayam may inhibit GSK-3β, thereby enhancing insulin receptor function and improving glucose homeostasis. This work aims to explore the potential of Siddha phytocomponents as therapeutic agents in the management of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.