Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of comorbid conditions in pediatric patients with autistic spectrum disorder

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) causes repetitive behaviors and social communication issues. Many children with ASD also have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, epilepsy, or intellectual disabilities. Identifying these comorbidities helps Autism Spectrum Disorder children receive comprehensive care and improve outcomes. Autism Spectrum Disorder children often have other health issues, but few studies have been done, especially in India.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of co-occurring disorders in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and related disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, and sleep disorders.

Method: This 18-month cross-sectional study examined IGIMS and Patna patients from the duration of Feb-2022 to Aug-2024. One hundred Autism Spectrum Disorder -diagnosed children were sampled. Data came from clinical records, diagnostic tests, and parent interviews. Comorbidities included Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, sleep, and gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence of each comorbid condition was calculated using descriptive statistics.

Results: The study found that 80% of the pediatric patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder had at least one comorbid condition. The most prevalent comorbidities were anxiety disorders (40%), ADHD (35%), and epilepsy (20%). Sleep disorders and gastrointestinal issues were also common, with 25% and 10% of patients affected, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between the presence of comorbidities and the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms.

Conclusion: Comorbidities are common in pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder patients, so early detection and multidisciplinary management are essential. Clinicians must screen children carefully because common comorbidities like anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and epilepsy can affect development and quality of life. Early intervention and individualized Autism Spectrum Disorder and co-occurring disorder treatment are essential to improve outcomes in this group.