Design of an efficient IoT based Pacemaker for Heart Function Enhancement using Triple band ACS feed Antenna

Abstract

The growing demand for reliable and efficient healthcare IoT (Internet of Things) devices, especially in applications like heart pacemakers, necessitates the development of advanced antennas that can operate across multiple frequency bands with high efficiency and compact size. Traditional antenna designs often face challenges in achieving the necessary miniaturization, multi-band operation, and robust performance within the stringent requirements of medical IoT applications, particularly for implantable devices such as heart pacemakers, where size, efficiency, and stable operation are critical. In this work, a novel and efficient triple-band Asymmetrical Coplanar Strip (ACS) feed antenna is presented, specifically designed to cater to healthcare IoT applications, including heart pacemakers. The proposed antenna operates across the LTE, ISM, and WiMAX bands, with a focus on ensuring compatibility with the communication needs of modern medical devices & deployments. The antenna features three semicircular radiating stubs fabricated on a 1mm thick FR4 substrate. This design was meticulously modeled and optimized using HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) to achieve superior performance characteristics. Key electrical characteristics include measured bandwidths of 250 MHz at 1.8 GHz, 225 MHz at 2.45 GHz, and 550 MHz at 3.45 GHz, with corresponding gains of 0.606 dB, 1.960 dB, and 3.50 dB, and high efficiencies of 93.28%, 89.33%, and 91.36% at these frequencies, respectively. These characteristics ensure reliable and stable operation for healthcare IoT applications, particularly in heart pacemakers, where consistent performance is critical. The design was rigorously validated using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) analysis, ensuring statistical robustness and reliability of the results. The proposed antenna not only addresses the limitations of existing designs but also sets a new benchmark in terms of compactness, efficiency, and multi-band operation. Its integration into healthcare IoT devices can significantly enhance the performance and reliability of critical applications, contributing to improved patient outcomes and device longevity levels.