Impact of Androgenic Alopecia on Quality of Life Using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA), commonly known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most prevalent form of hair loss affecting both genders. It often leads to significant emotional and psychological distress, impacting self-esteem, social interactions, and overall quality of life (QoL). Despite its widespread occurrence, the psychosocial burden of AGA remains inadequately explored, particularly in the Indian context. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AGA on QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India.
Methodology:
This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 214 patients diagnosed with AGA were recruited, comprising both males (68.69%) and females (31.31%), aged 18 years and above. Demographic and clinical data, including family history, duration, and severity of hair loss, were collected. QoL was assessed using the DLQI questionnaire, which evaluates physical, emotional, and social dimensions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and Pearson correlations, were performed using SPSS version 26.0 to identify associations between DLQI scores and patient demographics or clinical characteristics.
Results:
The findings revealed that AGA significantly affected the QoL of participants. Moderate (34.58%) and very large (23.36%) impacts were the most commonly reported categories, with extremely large effects observed in 7.94% of cases. Males reported broader variations in impact, while females exhibited higher distress levels in moderate and very large categories. Although younger participants (18–24 years) reported milder effects, those aged 25–32 years experienced more severe QoL impacts. Longer durations of AGA (1–2 years and >2 years) were associated with greater distress. Severity of hair loss was linked to higher DLQI scores, with Grade 3 and Grade 4 cases showing substantial psychosocial burdens. Despite these patterns, no statistically significant correlations were found between DLQI scores and variables such as gender (P=0.17), age (P=0.68), or duration (P=0.46).
Conclusion:
This study highlights the considerable psychosocial burden associated with AGA, particularly in individuals with advanced hair loss. Although no statistically significant associations were identified, trends indicate that the severity and duration of hair loss correspond to higher QoL impacts. These findings underscore the need for early intervention strategies that address both physical and emotional aspects of AGA. Integrating dermatological treatment with psychosocial support can improve outcomes and overall well-being for affected individuals, emphasizing the importance of culturally tailored care approaches.