Effect of Oxidative Stress Markers and Lipid Profile in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Abstract

Background: Oxidative damage is one of the effects of abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Owing to their diverse effects on lipid synthesis, mobilization and breakdown, thyroid hormones may impact the initiation of dyslipidemia. 

Objective: This research sought to evaluate the lipid profile and indicators of oxidative stress (MDA and Ox-LDL) in individuals with hypothyroidism.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Biochemistry Department at TMMC&RC, involving 160 participants with hypothyroidism and 40 euthyroid individuals, comprising 106 subclinical hypothyroid patients and 54 overt hypothyroid patients, aged between 18 and 65 years. Serum levels of markers for oxidative stress were measured using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while the thyroid profile was analyzed with the Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Immunoassay (ELFA). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA to compare oxidative stress marker levels among different groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 28.1 for Windows.

Results: Levels of TSH, total cholesterol, LDL, MDA and Ox-LDL showed strong significant differences while the levels of T3, T4, and TG exhibited statistically significant differences among the 3 groups. Additionally, overt hypothyroidism displays higher values for these markers compared to subclinical hypothyroidism. In hypothyroid patients, TSH levels have a significantly positive association with TC, TG, LDL, MDA, and Ox-LDL, while HDL levels reveal a negative correlation. Conversely, T4 levels demonstrate a notable negative correlation with TC, TG, LDL, MDA, and Ox-LDL.

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the notable changes in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism that are linked with hypothyroidism. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, TG and LDL raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and are linked to hypothyroidism. Monitoring lipid profiles and oxidative stress, in addition to aiding in the overall management of hypothyroidism, can assist in preventing vascular disorders.