Association of Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Various Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is frequently related to metabolic syndrome, a group of diseases that include obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Adiponectin and leptin are adipocyte-derived hormones that serve important metabolic functions. This study investigates how adiponectin and leptin levels in hypertension individuals correlate with various metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 330 hypertensive patients aged >20 from the Department of Biochemistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre Moradabad between 1 Jan 2023 and 30 Dec 2023. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and Blood glucose were assessed. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis evaluated the association between adiponectin, and leptin with various MetS risk factors and among different stages of hypertension.

Results: Of 330 hypertensive patients 240(72.7%) were female and 90(27.2%)were male. Using ANOVA, it was found that Adiponectin and leptin levels showed a significant difference in different stages of hypertension(p<0.05). Leptin level showed a significant positive correlation with BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in stages 2 and Hypertensive crises(p<0.001) whereas it showed a positive correlation with BG (<0.05) only in stage 2 of Hypertension. In contrast, Adiponectin levels negatively correlated with BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in stage 1 of hypertension and Hypertensive crises(p<0.05) whereas they showed a statistically significant negative positive correlation with BG only in Hypertensive cries (<0.001).

Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for an inverse association between adiponectin levels and various risk factors of MetS, whereas leptin levels exhibit a positive association with MetS components in hypertensive patients. These findings highlight the potential utility of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers for assessing MetS risk and guiding therapeutic interventions in hypertensive individuals. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical implications of targeting adiponectin and leptin pathways in managing hypertensive patients with MetS..