Role Of Balloon Bronchoplasty In A Fibrostenotic Type Of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Abstract

A major challenge in the treatment of tuberculosis that affects the tracheobronchial tree, often leading to significant morbidity due to its complex presentation and diagnostic difficulties is presented by Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB). This case report details the management of a 19-year-old female diagnosed with fibrostenotic EBTB. Despite initial anti-tubercular therapy, persistent symptoms and significant bronchial narrowing necessitated intervention. The patient underwent serial flexible bronchoscope-guided balloon bronchoplasty, resulting in marked clinical improvement. Pulmonary function tests showed a notable increase in FEV1 from 48% to 59%. This report underscores the efficacy of balloon bronchoplasty in restoring airway patency and improving lung function in fibrostenotic EBTB, highlighting its potential as a standard therapeutic option. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are critical for managing this condition effectively, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.