Graph-Based Encryption and Decryption Algorithms in Symmetric Key Cryptography

Abstract

Modern society relies extensively on digital technology, which plays a critical role in various domains, including banking, e-commerce transactions and cyber security such as managing computer passwords. This widespread integration highlights the importance of secure, efficient digital systems in our daily lives. Therefore, safeguarding information during storage and sharing is essential. Cryptography is the study of secure communication that uses advanced mathematical algorithms to transform an original message into an unreadable format. Cryptography is the science of protecting information by transforming it into a secure format so that only authorized parties can understand it. It involves techniques and algorithms that convert plain data, or "plaintext," into an unreadable format, called "ciphertext," using encryption methods. Graph theory is utilized in cryptography since graphs can be easily transformed into matrices. This paper introduces a novel link between graph theory and symmetric cryptography to safeguard information from unauthorized access. The suggested method uses a matrix as the secret key, which increases the security of the cryptosystem. It transforms the plaintext into multiple graphs and displays these graphs in matrix form.