Preserving Chakma Identity in Tripura: Language, Rituals, Artistry, and the Role of Traditional Medicine in Enhancing Mental and Physical Health

Abstract

The Chakma community in Tripura, India, faces a dynamic cultural landscape shaped by historical, social, and political factors. The Chakma community in Tripura boasts a vibrant cultural legacy, marked by its unique language, customs, artistic expressions and traditional healing practices. This paper explores the efforts and challenges in preserving Chakma identity through the lens of language, religion, and social dynamics. Language stands as a cornerstone of Chakma cultural identity in Tripura. The Chakma language, belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family, not only serves as a means of communication but also embodies historical narratives, traditional knowledge, and community cohesion. Despite challenges such as linguistic marginalization and the dominance of majority languages, initiatives to promote Chakma language education and literacy play pivotal roles in its preservation. Religion constitutes another vital aspect of Chakma identity, primarily influenced by Theravada Buddhism. Rituals and ceremonies associated with Buddhism, alongside syncretic elements of Hinduism and animistic beliefs, underscore the diverse spiritual practices within the community. These rituals not only reinforce cultural continuity but also serve as markers of communal identity amidst evolving socio-religious landscapes. Social dynamics among the Chakma in Tripura are characterized by a blend of traditional structures and modern influences. The community traditionally adheres to patriarchal social norms, with extended families playing crucial roles in decision-making and social cohesion. However, societal changes, urbanization, and educational advancements are reshaping familial and community structures, influencing cultural practices and values. Efforts to preserve Chakma identity in Tripura face multifaceted challenges. Historical displacements, assimilation pressures, and socio-political complexities pose threats to cultural continuity and intergenerational transmission of traditions. Nevertheless, community-driven initiatives, advocacy for cultural rights, and educational reforms aimed at preserving Chakma language and heritage are pivotal in sustaining cultural resilience. The preservation of Chakma identity in Tripura hinges upon the interplay of language revitalization, religious practices, and adaptive social dynamics. Amidst challenges, these elements foster resilience and continuity, reinforcing the cultural vibrancy of the Chakma community in Tripura. This paper explores how traditional medicine contributes to overall wellness, providing a comprehensive approach that harmoniously blends physical, emotional and spiritual care to promote holistic health. The paper also analyses the cultural representation and shared meanings within the Chakma community of Tripura, emphasizing key aspects such as language, religion, rituals and social structure.