Evaluating Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients Treated For Oral Cancer

Abstract

Background

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is significantly impacted in patients treated for oral cancer due to functional and aesthetic impairments. Understanding the factors influencing OHRQoL is crucial for devising effective rehabilitation strategies.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 patients (mean age: 55 ± 10 years) treated for oral cancer, recruited from a tertiary care center. Data were collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, assessing physical, psychological, and social dimensions of OHRQoL. Clinical parameters such as tumor site, stage, and type of treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, or combined therapy) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 26.0), with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean OHIP-14 score was 32.5 ± 10.4, indicating moderate impact on OHRQoL. Patients undergoing combined therapy reported significantly lower OHRQoL (mean score: 40.2 ± 8.3) compared to those treated with surgery alone (mean score: 28.7 ± 7.5; p < 0.01). Psychological discomfort and functional limitation were the most affected domains, reported by 72% and 68% of participants, respectively. Younger patients (<50 years) had better OHRQoL scores (mean: 29.1 ± 9.2) compared to older patients (mean: 35.8 ± 11.1; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Treatment for oral cancer substantially impacts OHRQoL, particularly in patients undergoing combined modalities of therapy. Addressing psychological discomfort and functional limitations through multidisciplinary approaches can improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to identify tailored interventions for enhancing OHRQoL in this population.