Prevalence And Epidemiological Factors Of Genito-Ulcerative Diseases And Associated Hiv Co-Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study In A Tertiary Care Center
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Abstract
Background: Genito-ulcerative diseases (GUDs) significantly impact public health by contributing to morbidity, stigma, and increased HIV transmission risk. Understanding their epidemiology and aetiology is essential for targeted interventions.
Objectives: To assess the distribution of venereal and non-venereal GUDs, identify socio-demographic patterns, determine causative agents, and evaluate HIV prevalence among patients with venereal GUDs.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from August 2016 to July 2018. A total of 628 patients presenting with genital ulcers were enrolled. Data on socio-demographics, clinical features, and laboratory findings were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and EpiInfo 7, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Our study found that 80.74% of genital ulcerative disease (GUD) cases were venereal, with herpes genitalis being the most prevalent (58.76%), followed by syphilis (8.44%) and chancroid (4.78%). The disease predominantly affected males (73.76%) and individuals aged 25-34 years (38.46%), with the majority belonging to lower socio-economic classes and having secondary education. Risk factors included multiple sexual partners (61.73%) and contact with female sex workers (41.17%) among males, while females commonly reported known acquaintances as partners. Heterosexual transmission was the primary mode (83.9%), and HIV seroprevalence was 18.93%, with mixed venereal diseases and herpes genitalis showing the highest association.
Conclusion: Venereal GUDs, particularly herpes genitalis, are the predominant cause of genital ulcers and are closely linked to HIV co-infection. Non-venereal GUDs also pose diagnostic challenges. Targeted health education improved diagnostic facilities, and integrated STI/HIV programs are crucial for effective management and prevention.