Molecular Characterization Of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing E.coli Isolates With Special Reference To Blatem And Blashv Gene From Patients Of Urinary Tract.

Abstract

Introduction: ESBL allied infections are stairing up worldwide and has emerged to be a grave problem to public health. β-Lactams are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics in human medicine. However, because of their massive and usually inappropriate use, resistance to these drugs has increased markedly, especially due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production.

Aim and Objective: To study the molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)  producing E.coli isolates with special reference to blaTEM and blaSHV gene from patients of urinary tract.

Material and Methods: This was a Cross sectional study carried out in the department of Microbiology for a period of 12 months i.e, October 2023 to October 2024. A total of 366 E. coli isolates of all the Uropathogenic E. coli strain isolated from urine samples collected from hospitalized and consultation patients were included in the study. The Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines 2024. The DNA extraction was done using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit and the gene blaTEM and blaSHV was detected using the PCR.

Results: Out of the 900 isolates there were 366 (40.6%) which showed the isolates of E. coli. In which 82 (22.5%) were phenotypically identified as ESBL producers and 284 (77.6%) were Non-ESBL. Out of 366 patients who were included in this study 110 (30%) were Males and  256 (69.9%) were Females patients. The overall susceptibility of ESBL isolates to various antibiotics was as  Ampicillin(17.20%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (28.5%), Gentamycin (65.7%), Cefoxitin (51.0%), Amikacin (80%), Ciprofloxacin (48%), Meropenem (97.2%), Ceftazidime(0%), Ceftazidime/ clavunalate(100%), Piperacillin/tazobactam (85.7%), Ceftriaxone(0%), Nitrofurantoin(100%), Tigecycillin(97.2%) and fosfomycin(97.2%). In the current study out of the total 82 isolates the molecular method confirms that there were  40 (48.7%) observed positive for blaTEM gene and 11 (13.4%) observed positive for blaSHV gene.

Conclusion: The significant spread of E. coli that produces ESBL has resulted in fewer treatment options and higher medical expenses. In order to support appropriate antibiotic therapy, as well as efficient infection control and clinical care management, it is imperative that trends for regional epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance be updated.