Efficacy of Topically Applied Metformin Gel 1% In Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia and is among the leading etiology of mortality globally among non-communicable illnesses.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of 1% metformin gel as a non-surgical treatment for stage I and II Grade B periodontitis cases with Type 2 diabetes.

Patients and methods: This investigation was a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical, radiographic, and biochemical investigation conducted on fifteen cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus, stage I or II, grade B periodontitis, chosen from the outpatient clinic of the Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch.

Results: In group I, the mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) baseline was 6.48, then decreased to 5.16 after two weeks, then increased to 6.09 after four weeks, while in group II, the mean of MDA baseline was 6.21, then decreased to 4.61 after two weeks, then increased to 4.99 after four weeks. In group I, the mean of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) baseline was 953.06, then decreased to 756.17 after two weeks, then increased to 857.00 after four weeks, while in group II, the mean of HMGB1 baseline was 956.18, then decreased to 744.82 after two weeks, then increased to 776.15 after four weeks.

Conclusion: Diabetes-related periodontitis is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. with metformin gel improving periodontal parameters, reducing inflammation, and promoting bone regeneration in diabetic patients.