The impact hormonal changes in pregnancy & Lactation on periodontal health problems.

Abstract

The study aims and throw the light on the adverse effects of pregnancy & lactation due to imbalance of hormones during gestational & lactation Period (Breast feeding) on general health and gingiva which consequently produces preeclampsia, beside preterm delivery, Vulva -vaginitis and low birth weight.

Thus many pregnant women are going to be at risk of bulging gingiva and its swelling due to hormonal imbalance ,which increases during gestational period, whereas Breast feeding make the woman vulnerable at high risk of developing cavities, in the teeth and gum  infection, since breast feeding  Predispose women to loose 5% of their  bone mass, due to the fact that their calcium is going to be transmitted to their infants. besides increases of estrogen and progesterone hormone, which are detected when the females do pregnancy test. Thus estrogen & progesterone are chief pregnancy hormones are to be produced more during one pregnancy than throughout her entire life when not pregnant. Moreover the increase of estrogen during pregnancy enables the uterus & placenta to improve vasealarization, which includes formation of blood vessels.  (www.healthline.com). Besides changes related to child birth, hair skin and nails circulatory of respiratory and metabolic changes. Meanwhile pregnancy brings outcomes with a range of changes including effect on breast and Cervix,  beside a variety of changes to her body  from common & expect changes such as swelling of gingiva, fluid retention, to less familiar ones such as vision changes. Remind you a case control study was conducted & odd ratio is explored of a risk factors for pregnant & lactating women in comparison with non-pregnant and non-lactating women.