Neuroprotective effect of Naringin against organophosphorus compound induced Alzheimer disease

Abstract

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), such as Malathion, are widely used pesticides known to induce oxidative stress, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Naringin, a flavonoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, was studied for its potential to protect against Malathion-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, in-silico docking analysis was performed to assess Naringin’s effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In-vivo studies examined Naringin’s impact on behavior changes examination and oxidative stress markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in Malathion- exposed rats. Naringin was administered at low (80 mg/kg) and high (160 mg/kg) doses, while diazepam was used as a positive control. In-silico analysis revealed that Naringin strongly binds to AChE, suggesting its neuroprotective potential. In-vivo results demonstrated that Naringin improved cognitive function in behavioral tests, including the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Additionally, Naringin treatment significantly increased SOD and CAT activities while reducing MDA levels, indicating reduced oxidative stress, particularly at the higher dose. Naringin also restored AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Diazepam showed neuroprotective effects, but Naringin, especially at the higher dose, exhibited comparable or superior efficacy. These findings suggest that Naringin’s antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties may protect against Malathion-induced neurotoxicity, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.