Incorporating AI In Caries Risk Assessment Tool: A Review Article

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Dr Mohnish Muchhal,Dr Sanchit Pradhan ,Dr Supurna Pandit ,Dr. Monika Kumari,Dr. Abhay Saini ,Dr. Vivek Prakash Singh

Abstract

Dental caries remains a leading global public health concern, affecting individuals across all age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. As a multifactorial disease, caries is influenced by factors such as bacterial presence, diet, saliva, host susceptibility, and fluoride exposure. Traditional approaches to caries diagnosis have primarily focused on detecting lesions once they have manifested, often resulting in a reactive rather than proactive approach to oral health. Caries Risk Assessment Tools (CRATs) have been developed to identify individuals at high risk of developing caries, allowing for the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at minimizing the onset and progression of the disease. This review article examines the various CRATs available today, including well-established methods like the CARIogram and the American Dental Association’s (ADA) Caries Risk Assessment Form, as well as newer tools that incorporate salivary biomarkers and microbiological testing. Additionally, the paper explores the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital platforms, which have the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of caries risk predictions. The role of diet, fluoride, and socioeconomic factors in caries risk assessment is also discussed, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive, personalized approach to prevention. While CRATs offer promising benefits in improving caries prevention and management, there are limitations to consider, such as the variability in tool effectiveness across populations and the complexity of some tools. Despite these challenges, CRATs remain essential for guiding clinical decisions, providing tailored care, and ultimately reducing the burden of dental caries worldwide. Future advancements in salivary diagnostics, AI applications, and public health initiatives hold significant potential for enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of caries risk assessments, leading to improved oral health outcomes globally.

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