Efficacy of Topical Antibiotics in Preventing Port site Infection after Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Abstract

Background: Port site infection (PSI) is a known complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which may prolong recovery and hospital stay. The use of topical antibiotics is considered a preventive measure; however, its efficacy remains a subject of debate.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of topical antibiotics in preventing port site infections after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Delta Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh & Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 patients aged 18–75 years who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were purposively selected. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n=60) received topical antibiotics at the port site, while Group B (n=60) did not. Postoperative outcomes were assessed, focusing on the incidence of port site infections. Data analysis was performed using MS Office tools.

Results: Port site infection (PSI) occurred in 1.7% of cases in Group A (topical antibiotics) and 5.0% in Group B (no topical antibiotics). The mean hospital stay was 1.2 ± 0.4 days in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.6 days in Group B. The mean postoperative pain score was 2.5 ± 1.1 in Group A and 2.7 ± 1.3 in Group B.

Conclusion: The application of topical antibiotics at the port site effectively reduces the incidence of PSI following elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This simple and cost-effective intervention may enhance postoperative outcomes and reduce infection-related complications.