An anatomical pathology and immunohistochemistry analysis of lung cancer patients at the Military Hospital of Oran (Algeria).

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer represents a significant health problem in the Algerian population, with a progressively increasing incidence. The risks associated with this pathology are linked to several factors such as age, sex, heredity, diet, lifestyle, and smoking.

Objective: Our work is based on a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study aimed at conducting an anatomical pathology and immunohistochemistry study of lung cancer types and their distribution according to various criteria such as sex, age, histological type, specimen type, and risk factors.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Regional Military University Hospital of Oran (HMRUO), focusing on 115 patient records with lung cancer. A standardized approach is necessary to assess the percentages of patients affected by lung cancer from January 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020.

Results: The results demonstrated a male predominance in lung cancer, with a higher percentage in men (84%). In contrast, the incidence in females is only 16%, with these women living in an environment of passive smoking. This cancer includes several histological types: non-small cell carcinomas are adenocarcinoma (ADC) 61%, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 11%, non-small cell carcinoma not otherwise specified (NSCLC NOS) 12%, and small cell carcinoma (SCC) 11%, utilizing specific panels for diagnosis through immunohistochemical techniques.

Conclusion: Lung cancer is formidable, especially in the male population, linked to risk factors such as tobacco and asbestos, diagnosed using panels like TTF1, P40, P63, CK5/6, CK7, synaptophysin, and chromogranin.