Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: Implication for Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Background: Thyroid hormones are integral to cardiovascular health, influencing both the development of the heart and its ongoing function. Thyroid dysfunction, particularly in the context of coronary artery disease (CAD), can exacerbate the underlying cardiovascular conditions and complicate management.

Objective: To explore age and gender-specific approaches for integrating thyroid dysfunction on diagnosis, progression and management into cardiovascular care.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with thyroid dysfunction at Pacific Hospital, Udaipur. Thyroid function tests, lipid profiles, and clinical data were collected and analyzed using enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Hyperthyroidism was identified in 6% (n = 9) of participants, with 66.66% exhibiting overt hyperthyroidism, predominantly among females aged 48-61 years. Hypothyroidism was prevalent in 36% (n = 54) of participants, with 68.51% exhibiting subclinical hypothyroidism. The peak prevalence was observed in the 34-47 years age group. Cardiac symptoms such as palpitations and dyspnea were significantly more common in hyperthyroid patients, underscoring its clinical relevance in CAD.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of evaluating thyroid dysfunction in patients with CAD, particularly in females and middle-aged adults. Regular screening and targeted management of thyroid dysfunction may improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce complications.