Gross morphological changes in placentae in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension in district Dera Ismail Khan

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy induced hypertension is regarded as a risk factor in pregnancy and it adversely affects the development of placenta and growth of fetus. The objective of the study was to observe different morphological parameters in placentae like areas of infarction & calcifications, shape and color in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension and their comparison to placentae of normotensive pregnant females.

Study Design: A Case-control observational study.

Palace And Duration Of Study. Department of anatomy. Gomal medical College DIK from January 2020 to October 2020

MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted at anatomy department Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan. It was a case control study. A total of 150 placentae were taken from labor room of zanana hospital District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A was 50 normotensive pregnant females taken as control, group B was 50 patient with mild PIH. Group C was 50 patients with sever PIH.Placentae were observed on different morphological parameters like infarcted and calcified areas, color of placentae and shape of placentae.

RESULTS:  Student T test was applied while comparing quantitative variables of two groups. One-way Anova was applied while comparing more than two groups.  While observing infarcted area in the two groups, there is significant increase in infarcted areas with severity of disease with p-value 0.000**. Qualitative variables were expressed in terms of percentages. Majority of placentae were discoid with oval margins in all the groups with percentages of 64%, 64% and 80% respectively. Color of all the placentae in group A & B were maroon while only 2% of placentae in group C was bluish which was non-significant.

CONCLUSION: Pregnancy induced hypertension severely affects development of placentae as revealed by increase in areas of infarction.