The Ketogenic Diet as an Emerging Adjunctive Therapy for Neurological Disorders

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, moderate-protein, and low-carbohydrate dietary approach, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for various neurological disorders. By inducing a metabolic state of nutritional ketosis, KD modulates excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, regulates oxidative stress, and influences the gut microbiome. It has demonstrated benefits in conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, autism, multiple sclerosis, and neuro-oncology, as well as psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Preliminary studies suggest that KD may aid in neurological recovery, particularly in spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries, though its long-term safety and efficacy remain uncertain. While KD has the potential to serve as an adjunct therapy, concerns regarding cardiovascular risks, dietary imbalances, and limited long-term applicability necessitate further investigation. Standardization of KD protocols and extensive cohort studies are essential to determine its broader clinical viability in neurology and neurosurgery.