ASSOCIATION OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO AND SMOKING WITH SALIVARY CATALASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE LEVELS IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL BIOCHEMICAL STUDY

Abstract

Purpose: To estimate and correlate salivary catalase and glutathione-peroxidase levels in Chronic Periodontitis (CP) patients who are non-tobacco users, smokers and smokeless tobacco (gutkha) users & periodontally healthy subjects.

Methods: The study included 120 subjects (age range: 18 to 60 years). Participants were divided into four groups: 30 healthy subjects (Group I), 30 subjects with CP (Group II), 30 smokeless tobacco (gutkha) users with CP (Group III) and 30 smokers with CP (Group IV). Clinical parameters included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI). Following this, salivary catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were estimated using UV-spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Mann-Whitney U and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used for analysis.

Results: The periodontally healthy subjects demonstrated significantly higher salivary levels of CAT and GPx (an antioxidant parameter) compared to periodontitis subjects who were gutkha chewers and smokers. Pairwise comparison by the Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in the mean levels of GPx among all groups (p < 0.05). The mean salivary levels of CAT were significantly lower in group II as compared to other groups (II<IV<III<I). The clinical parameters GI, PD and CAL among the four groups were also statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study results suggested that salivary levels of both catalase and glutathione peroxidase were found to be decreased in chronic periodontitis patients who had oral abusive habits such as smoking and gutkha chewing