Impact Of Education On Glycaemic Control And Expenditure In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) necessitates lifelong self-care, with education playing a pivotal role in improving outcomes and reducing costs. This study evaluates the impact of a structured education program on glycemic control (HbA1c) and healthcare expenditures among T2DM patients in India. Methods: A randomized controlled cross sectional longitudinal observational study was conducted with 200 T2DM patients, divided equally into intervention (n=100) and control (n=100) groups. The intervention group received five educational sessions over one month, including group discussions and film screenings, educational material, while the control group received routine care. Baseline and endline (12 months) post-intervention data were collected using validated questionnaires and HbA1c tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, employing paired t-tests for within-group comparisons for between-group differences, and correlation/regression analyses to assess relationships between HbA1c and costs. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in knowledge (46.6 ± 8.57 to 52.80 ± 2.20, p<0.001), attitude (46.5 ± 0.86 to 12.98 ± 1.02, p<0.001), and self-care practices (29.06 ± 10.02 to 39.69 ± 4.74, p<0.001). However, HbA1c reduction was marginal (7.12% to 7.08%, p=0.25) and non-significant. Healthcare costs decreased substantially in the intervention group (INR 7,245 to INR 1,520, p<0.001), though the control group also exhibited cost reductions (INR 8,150 to INR 1,890, p<0.001). Conclusion: The educational intervention significantly enhanced knowledge, attitude, and self-care practices while achieving notable cost reductions. However, its minimal impact on HbA1c underscores the need for integrated clinical and educational strategies to optimize both metabolic and economic outcomes. Future programs should target high-risk populations and incorporate longer follow-ups to assess sustained effects.