HPLC Analysis Of Polyphenolic -Alkaloid Compounds And Toxicity Determination Of Medicinal Herbal Extracts

Abstract

Secondary plant metabolites, a large group of bioactive compounds having health-promoting properties containing aromatic structure, hydroxyl groups providing stabilization and protecting free radicals, biological tissues against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species damage. These are an important phytochemical. The recent ethnopharmacological study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ethnobotanical herbs Withania somnifera, Terminalia arjuna, Bacopa monnieri, Ranunculus sceleratus and Acalypha indica using two different solvents on yield extraction estimation, various phytochemical compounds identification, high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD): quantification of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids and toxicity cell viability test was performed using compound microscopy by Neubauer chamber. The results showed high yield extraction around 30%-50% percentage, of ethanol and methanol root extracts. These extracts also exhibited high phytochemical i.e., secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and also alkaloids playing vital roles in biological activities. HPLC method was used to confirm and quantify the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids. Results showed high presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols in extracts. Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values calculated were 0.1-0.9 ug/ml for respective standard compounds. Obtained values were also compared with other previous literatures, interpreting HPLC-DAD quantification method as the more sensitive and accurate method. Toxicity results revealed non-toxic effects of root extracts on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 50% inhibition concentration was calculated for all extracts showing ≥ 1mg/ml values. Therefore, these phytochemicals of root extracts can be further used for production of safe, zero side effects, natural medicinal treatment system as economically viable resources.