Comprehensive Review of Diabetes Mellitus and the Use of the Herbal Plant Abrus precatorius Linn

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both. As the incidence of DM continues to increase worldwide, there has been a growing interest in alternative treatment strategies, including the use of medicinal plants. Among these, Abrus precatorius Linn (commonly known as jequirity or rosary pea) has attracted attention due to its reported antidiabetic properties. This review synthesizes the current understanding of Abrus precatorius in diabetes management, detailing its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. Additionally, the review discusses safety concerns and future research directions, aiming to contextualize its role in complementary medicine.