Outcome And Risk Factors Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) In Smokers Vs. Non-Smokers

Abstract

Background:

The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung illness characterized by an obstructed breathing and a regular inflammation. Although smoking is the leading risk factor, some significant COPD patients are nonsmokers, and thus other factors would be likely to contribute towards the ailment.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study has been to estimate differences in clinical outcomes, as well as to identify specific COPD risk factors for smokers as compared to even non-smokers.

Study Design: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Place and Duration of Study. Department of Pulmonology Jinnah Teaching Hospital Peshawar.from jan 2023 to jan 2024

Methods:

 A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 200 COPD patients, divided as smokers and non-smokers. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiology and spirometry were the data studied. Exacerbation incidence, hospitalisations, reported patient QoL, and annual mortality were studied in the 1-year follow-up.

Results:

Smokers had less FEV1 (42.1 ± 13.5%) and were more prone to exacerbations (mean 3.2/year) compared to non-smokers (FEV1 54.7 ± 11.8%; exacerbations 1.9/year; p The rate of exposure of non-smokers to indoor air pollution, biomass, and secondhand smoke was higher. The mortality rate for smokers was 15%, far greater than that for non-smokers (7%).

Conclusion:

Smoking is still an important cause of COPD however, non-smokers have similar vulnerabilities to COPD from environmental and workplace exposures. Smokers generally have worse clinical outcome although smokers alone and non-smokers need specific preventive measures.