Advances In Detection And Clinical Use Of Circulating Tumor Cells In Breast Cancer Management
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Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its mortality is largely attributed to distant metastases. Distant metastasis typically begins with the spread of a small group of cells from the primary tumour to regional and remote sites.
Objectives: This study aims to review the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic process in breast cancer. Additionally, it will assess the available techniques for the enrichment, identification, and molecular characterization of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), as well as evaluate their clinical application, particularly concerning perioperative management during breast cancer surgery.
Methods: A review of the literature was conducted, focusing on techniques used for the enrichment and detection of CTCs. Molecular characterization methods were also analyzed for their effectiveness in identifying metastasis precursors in breast cancer patients.
Results: CTCs are present in the bloodstream of cancer patients, making them valuable markers for detecting and monitoring metastasis. Various techniques for the enrichment and identification of CTCs have demonstrated clinical utility, particularly in managing perioperative conditions during breast cancer surgeries.
Conclusions: CTCs play a crucial role in the metastatic process of breast cancer, and their detection and molecular characterization can provide important insights into disease progression. Clinical applications of CTC analysis, particularly during the perioperative phase, offer significant potential for improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to refine these techniques and expand their application in breast cancer treatment.