Morphological Comparison Of Umbilical Cord In Normotensive Pregnancies & Pregnancies Complicated By Mild & Sever Pregnancy Induced Hypertension In District Dera Ismail Khan
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Abstract
Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is regarded as a risk factor in pregnancy and it adversely affects the development of placenta & umbilical cord and growth of fetus. Gross morphological changes of umbilical cord were compared in normotensive pregnant women with patients of pregnancy induced hypertension. Objective of the study was to observe different morphological parameters in umbilical cord like cord insertion, cord length, diameter & true knots in umbilical cords in normotensive patients & to compare these parameters with that of hypertensive pregnant females.
Study design: A Case-control observational study.
Palace And Duration Of Study. Department of anatomy. Gomal medical College DIK from January 2020 to October 2020
Material & Methods: This was a case control analytical study, conducted at Anatomy department Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, from January 2020 to October 2020. Convenient non random sampling technique was used.
A total of 150 placentae with umbilical cord were collected after delivery and divided into three groups A, B and C each of size 50. Group A was control, group B was mild hypertensive patients and group C was severe hypertensive patients. Four research variables; insertion of umbilical cord, length of umbilical cord (cm), diameter of umbilical cord (cm) & knots in umbilical cord were measured on ratio scale for three groups. Structured proforma was used to record presence of PIH or otherwise after informed consent from patient. Umbilical cord length & diameter were measured in terms of mean ±SD, whereas categorical derivatives such as insertion site & true knots were measured as percentages. Student T test was used in Social Sciences Online Calculator.
Results: Umbilical cord insertion was central in 32%, 24% & 32% , eccentric in 64%, 64% & 56% while marginal insertion was noted in4%, 12% & 12% cases in group A, B & C respectively. While comparing umbilical cord length and diameter statistically significant reduction was noted among group A, B and C (p=0.000). No true knots were observed in any group.
Present study revealed that PIH adversely affects the morphology of umbilical cord.