Antiurolithiatic and Diuretic Investigation of Nausadar with Extracts from Piper nigrum, Morus alba, Vitis vinifera in Sodium Oxalate-Induced Urolithiasis in Wistar Rats

Abstract

The present study deals with the synergistic effect of ethnomedicinal plants such as Piper nigrum, Morus alba, and Vitis viniferain preventing kidney stones and enhancing diuresis in sodium oxalate-induced Wistar rats, a model for urolithiasis. The design of the experiment included the administration of these extracts to sodium oxalate-induced rats to test their efficacy in reducing the formation of stones and facilitating urinary excretion. Results showed that the toxicity of survival of the rats even up to 2000 mg/kg did not produce any significant ill effect. In addition, biochemical analyses of treated groups revealed a statistically significant reduction and enhanced, biphasic response in groups T4, T5, T9, and T10 as compared to disease control (T3), which may be dependent upon the source (kidney, urine, and serum) and on treatment with ethnomedicine. Catalase activity in kidney tissues had significantly increased in treatment groups, which is indicative of an enhanced antioxidant defense mechanism leading to a decrease in oxidative stress, which protects renal tissues from further damage. Histopathological assessment of renal structure and function demonstrated obvious improvements in treatment groups, with a high degree of effect elicited by a combination of extracts with Nausadar. The combination of Piper nigrum, Morus alba, and Vitis vinifera with Nausadar was highly effective, and from this, it could be instituted that these herbal extracts act in synergy to enhance their therapeutic action. These plant extracts showed synergistic interactions, hence ethnomedicine may emerge as an alternative/complementary therapy to conventional ones against kidney stones and warrants further study in possible clinical practice.