Evaluation of Factors Affecting Mortality in Patients with Severe Maxillofacial Injuries in Sulaimaniyah City/KRG

Abstract

Background and objectives: Traumatic injuries continue to be a major contributor to mortality, and long-term disability all over the world.Facial injuries impact one-third of severely injured patients. Occasionally, standalonemaxillofacial trauma is linkedwith fatality, however in patients with concurrent injuries, the death rate increases. This research focused on analyzing and evaluating facial injuries and factors affecting mortality among patients admitted to the emergency unit due to traumatic injuries.

Methods: A Prospective Cross-sectional methodology was used in this research; consisting of a total of 105 patients of both sexes including 81 males and 24 females with maxillofacial injuries were observeduntil carrying out the hospital or dying upon arrival or during their hospital stay between  January 2024 and  January 2025 at the emergency department of shar teaching hospital in Sulaimanyah city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Measurements of Injury Severity Scoreand Glasgow Coma Scale were statistically analyzed to determine the factors associated with mortality. Injury Severity Score is evaluated by the process of converting injury codes in the International Classification System of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10).

Result: During a one-year observation period, 105 patients were evaluated. The average age (mean ) of individuals with maxillofacial injuries was 28.1 ± 14.9 years, and 77% of them were male. Road traffic accidents including (car accidents and motorcycle collisions) were the most prevalentetiological cause of facial injuries regardless of gender. The research findings reveal a significant correlation between mortality and AIS-ISS scores and GCS.