To Study The Molecular Characterization Of Mdr1 Gene And Cdr1 Gene With Association To Its Antifungal Resistance In Pathogenic Candida Species

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Candidiasis is a highly pervasive infection posing major health risks, especially for immunocompromised populations. Its prevalence accounts for the most common type of opportunistic fungal infection affecting human heath globally, with more than a billion cases on a yearly basis.  Pathogenic Candida species have evolved intrinsic and acquired resistance to a variety of antifungal medications.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular characterization of MDR1 gene and CDR1 gene with association  to its  antifungal resistance in pathogenic candida species

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care centre. A total of 962 samples were screened. The Culture identification, specification, Antifungal Susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines. The DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit and the resistant gene MDR1 and CDR1 gene was detected using the PCR.

RESULTS: In the present study out of 962 isolates, 51.1% (492) were culture positive, among them 28% (138) were Candida isolates. Out of which 53(38.4%) were Candida albicans while 85(61.6%) were Non-Candida albicans. Among Non-Candida albicans ,the frequency of Candida tropicalis was observed to be maximum with urine samples and least for ET secreation.    It was observed that 112(81.1%) Candida isolates shows biofilm production ,While Phospholipidase enzymes production were observed in only 22(15.9%) of Candida isolates. It was observed that the maximum sensitivity was observed in Amphotericin-B (95%), followed by Voriconazole(85%) and itraconazole (49.2%). It was observed that the prevalence of associated genes in Candida with CDR1 with 3.8% and MDR1 with 5.7% was expressed.

CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology and clinical consequences of candidiasis can be better understood by characterising the virulence factors in Candida species that have been isolated from a variety of clinical specimens. To solve the changing problems caused by Candida infections and enhance patient outcomes in clinical practice, more research is necessary. A more thorough evaluation of azole resistance is made possible by taking into account the interaction of genetic alterations, phenotypic traits, and patient-related variables.